INSTALLATION NOTES for OpenBSD/hp300 3.0 What is OpenBSD? ---------------- OpenBSD is a fully functional, multi-platform UN*X-like Operating System based on Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2) and 4.4BSD-Lite. There are several operating systems in this family, but OpenBSD differentiates itself by putting security and correctness first. The OpenBSD team strives to achieve what is called 'a secure by default' status. This means that an OpenBSD user should feel safe that their newly installed machine will not be compromised. This 'secure by default' goal is achieved by taking a proactive stance on security. Since security flaws are essentially mistakes in design or implement- ation, the OpenBSD team puts as much importance on finding and fixing existing design flaws and implementation bugs as it does writing new code. This means that an OpenBSD system will not only be more secure, but it will be more stable. The source code for all critical system components has been checked for remote-access, local-access, denial- of-service, data destruction, and information-gathering problems. In addition to bug fixing, OpenBSD has integrated strong cryptography into the base system. A fully functional IPsec implementation is provided as well as support for common protocols such as SSL and SSH. Network filtering and monitoring tools such as packet filtering, NAT, and bridging are also standard. For high performance demands, support for hardware cryptography has also been added to the base system. Because security is often seen as a tradeoff with usability, OpenBSD provides as many security options as possible to allow the user to enjoy secure computing without feeling burdened by it. To integrate more smoothly in other environments, OpenBSD 3.0 also provides several binary emulation subsystems (which includes iBCS2, Linux, OSF/1, SunOS, SVR4, Solaris, and Ultrix compatibility), aiming at making the emulation as accurate as possible so that it is transparent to the user. Many new user programs and device drivers have been added in OpenBSD 3.0, as well, bringing it closer to our goal of supplying a complete and modern UN*X-like environment. Tools like perl and an improved ksh are standard, as are numerous other useful tools. Because OpenBSD is from Canada, the export of Cryptography pieces (such as SSH, IPsec, and Kerberos) to the world is not restricted. (NOTE: OpenBSD can not be re-exported from the US once it has entered the US. Because of this, take care NOT to get the distribution from an FTP server in the US if you are outside of Canada and the US.) OpenBSD 3.0 is a port of OpenBSD for the HP 9000/300 series of computers, featuring a wide range of supported hardware, and with all the usual OpenBSD stability and security. Sources of OpenBSD: ------------------- This is a list of currently known ftp servers as the time of the 3.0 release: Main server in Canada: ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Argentina: ftp://ftp.openbsd.org.ar/pub/OpenBSD Australia: ftp://ftp.au.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.it.net.au/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.wiretapped.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/OpenBSD Austria: ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/opsys/OpenBSD ftp://mingus.wu-wien.ac.at/pub/OpenBSD Belgium: ftp://openbsd.rug.ac.be/pub/OpenBSD Canada: ftp://ftp.ca.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://gulus.usherb.ca/pub/OpenBSD China (Hong Kong): ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/OpenBSD Czech Republic: ftp://ftp.openbsd.cz/pub/OpenBSD Finland: ftp://ftp.fi.debian.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.jyu.fi/pub/OpenBSD France: ftp://ftp.fr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.bsdfr.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.grolier.fr/pub/OpenBSD Germany: ftp://ftp.de.openbsd.org/pub/unix/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.fh-wolfenbuettel.de/pub/os/openbsd Greece: ftp://filoktitis.noc.uoa.gr/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.duth.gr/pub/OpenBSD Hungary: ftp://ftp.fsn.hu/pub/OpenBSD Ireland: ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/OpenBSD Italy: ftp://ftp.volftp.mondadori.com/mirror/openbsd Japan: ftp://ftp.jp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.netlab.is.tsukuba.ac.jp/pub/os/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/OpenBSD The Netherlands: ftp://ftp.calyx.nl/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/OpenBSD New Zealand: ftp://ftp.nz.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Norway: ftp://ftp.inet.no/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/OpenBSD Peru: ftp://ftp.sajinet.com.pe/pub/OpenBSD Russia: ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.radio-msu.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://vell.nsc.ru/pub/OpenBSD Saudi Arabia: ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/mirrors/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD South Korea: ftp://ftp.snu.ac.kr/pub/BSD/OpenBSD Spain: ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/OpenBSD Sweden: ftp://ftp.luth.se/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.stacken.kth.se/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/OpenBSD Switzerland: ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/pub/OpenBSD Taiwan: ftp://openbsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/OpenBS Thailand: ftp://ftp.kmitl.ac.th/pub/OpenBSD United Kingdom: ftp://ftp.knowledge.com/pub/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://sunsite.org.uk/Mirrors/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD USA: ftp://ftp1.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp3.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp5.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp7.usa.openbsd.org/pub/os/OpenBSD ftp://archive.progeny.com/OpenBSD ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://download.sourceforge.net/pub/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.groupbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.op.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.src.uchicago.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.tux.org/bsd/openbsd ftp://gandalf.neark.org/pub/distributions/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.cs.wisc.edu/pub/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/openbsd ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://rt.fm/pub/OpenBSD As well, the file ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.0/ftplist contains a list which is continually updated. If you wish to become a distribution site for OpenBSD, contact miod@openbsd.org. OpenBSD 3.0 Release Contents: ----------------------------- The OpenBSD 3.0 release is organized in the following way. In the .../3.0 directory, for each of the architectures having an OpenBSD 3.0 binary distribution, there is a sub-directory. The hp300-specific portion of the OpenBSD 3.0 release is found in the "hp300" subdirectory of the distribution. That subdirectory is laid out as follows: .../3.0/hp300/ INSTALL.hp300 Installation notes; this file. CKSUM Output of the cksum(1) and md5(1) programs MD5 usable for verification of the correctness of downloaded files. *.tgz hp300 binary distribution sets; see below. bsd A stock GENERIC hp300 kernel which will be installed on your system during the install. bsd.dl A GENERIC kernel without any support for disk devices. bsd.rd A compressed RAMDISK kernel; the embedded filesystem contains the installation tools. Used for simple installation from a pre- existing system. SYS_UBOOT Unified boot file, used for booting from the network. SYS_CDBOOT Raw boot file, used for booting from CDROM. The OpenBSD/hp300 binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the OpenBSD 3.0 release for hp300 systems. There are ten binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the "hp300" subdirectory of the OpenBSD 3.0 distribution tree, and are as follows: base30 The OpenBSD/hp300 3.0 base binary distribution. You MUST install this distribution set. It contains the base OpenBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below. [ 21.7 MB gzipped, 65.9 MB uncompressed ] comp30 The OpenBSD/hp300 Compiler tools. All of the tools relating to C, C++, and fortran are supported. This set includes the system include files (/usr/include), the linker, the compiler tool chain, and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. [ 15.2 MB gzipped, 45.2 MB uncompressed ] etc30 This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places. This set MUST be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should NOT be used if you are upgrading. (If you are upgrading, it's recommended that you get a copy of this set and CAREFULLY upgrade your configuration files by hand.) [ 1.1 MB gzipped, 3.3 MB uncompressed ] game30 This set includes the games and their manual pages. [ 2.8 MB gzipped, 6.6 MB uncompressed ] man30 This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. [ 5.6 MB gzipped, 20.2 MB uncompressed ] misc30 This set includes the system dictionaries (which are rather large), the typesettable document set, and man pages for other architectures which happen to be installed from the source tree by default. [ 1.7 MB gzipped, 5.6 MB uncompressed ] xbase30 This set includes the base X distribution. This includes programs, headers, libraries, configuration files. [ 3.6 MB gzipped, 10.0 MB uncompressed ] xshare30 This set includes all text files equivalent between all architectures. [ 1.4 MB gzipped, 8.3 MB uncompressed ] xfont30 This set includes all of the X fonts. [ 5.2 MB gzipped, 17.0 MB uncompressed ] xserv30 This set includes all of the X servers. [ 2.5 MB gzipped, 6.1 MB uncompressed ] OpenBSD System Requirements and Supported Devices: -------------------------------------------------- OpenBSD/hp300 3.0 will run on most HP 9000/300- and 400-series machines. The lowest amount of RAM that has ever been tested is 7.5M, though it may run with less. A GENERIC kernel won't run in 4M, while a custom kernel can fit. However, if you wish to run X, more RAM is recommended. The following HP hardware is supported: CPUs: 68020-based: 318, 319, 320, 330, and 350. 68030-based: 340, 345, 360, 370, 375, and 400(*). 68040-based: 380, 385, 425(*), and 433(*). Disks: HP-IB/CS80: 7912, 7914, 7933, 7936, 7937, 7945, 7957, 7958, 7959, 2200, and 2203. SCSI-I(**), including magneto-optical and CD-ROM. Tape drives: Low-density HP-IB/CS80 cartridge: 7914, 7946, and 9144. High-density HP-IB/CS80 cartridge: 9145. HP-IB/CS80 1/2": 7974A, 7978A/B, 7979A, 7980A, and 7980XC. SCSI: HP DAT, Exabyte, and SCSI QIC drives such as the Archive Viper. RS232 interfaces: 98644 built-in and add-on single port (dca). 98642 4-port (dcm). 98638 8-port (dcm). 400-series Apollo 3-port serial/keyboard mux (apci). [Note: Support is incomplete. The first port is typically configured as a dca device, except on the 425e.] Network interfaces: 98643 built-in and add-on LAN cards. Displays: 98543, 98544, 98545, and 98547 color and monochrome Topcat. 98548, 98549, 98550, and A1416A color and monochrome Catseye. 98700 and 98710 Gatorbox. 98720 and 98721 Renaissance. 98730 and 98731 DaVinci. A1096A monochrome Hyperion. Input devices: General interface supporting all HIL devices: keyboard, 2 and 3 button mice(***), and ID module. 400-series Apollo keyboards (bootblocks, kernel soon). Miscellaneous: Battery-backed real-time clock. 98624 built-in HP-IB interface. 98625A and 98625B `fast' HP-IB interface. 98658A built-in and add-on SCSI interface. Printers and plotters on RS232 and HP-IB. SCSI autochanger. (*) 400-series machines configured for Domain/OS are not fully supported, notably, the keyboard doesn't work and the ROMs must be in `HP-UX mode'. The 425e is only supported with a serial console on the first serial port. (**) SCSI-II drives are known to work, though this may require changing a jumper on some drives. See your disk's documentation for details. (***) Serial mice connected to a `HIL to quad' converter are also known to work. If it's not on this list, there is no official support for it in this release. Getting the OpenBSD System onto Useful Media: --------------------------------------------- Installation is supported from several media types, including: CD-ROM FFS partitions Tape Remote NFS partition FTP HTTP The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend on which method of installation you choose. Some methods require a bit of setup first that is explained below. The installation allows installing OpenBSD directly from FTP mirror sites over the internet, however you must consider the speed and reliability of your internet connection for this option. It may save much time and frustration to use ftp get/reget to transfer the distribution sets to a local server or disk and perform the installation from there, rather than directly from the internet. Create an installation tape: While you won't be able to boot OpenBSD from a tape, you can use one to provide the installation sets. To do so, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, each in "tar" format or in "gzipped tar format". First you will need to transfer the distribution sets to your local system, using ftp or by mounting the CD-ROM containing the release. Then you need to make a tape containing the files. If you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way to do so is make a shell script along the following lines, call it "/tmp/maketape". #! /bin/sh TAPE=${TAPE:-/dev/nrst0} mt -f ${TAPE} rewind for file in base etc comp game man misc xbase xfont xserv xshare do dd if=${file}30.tgz of=${TAPE} obs=8k conv=sync done tar cf ${TAPE} bsd mt -f ${TAPE} offline # end of script And then: cd .../3.0/hp300 sh -x /tmp/maketape If you're using a system other than OpenBSD or SunOS, the tape name and other requirements may change. You can override the default device name (/dev/nrst0) with the TAPE environment variable. For example, under Solaris, you would probably run: TAPE=/dev/rmt/0n sh -x /tmp/maketape Note that, when installing, the tape can be write-protected (i.e. read-only). To install OpenBSD using a remote partition, mounted via NFS, you must do the following: NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network configuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. Place the OpenBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading OpenBSD. This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading OpenBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the OpenBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the OpenBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing OpenBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. If you are upgrading OpenBSD, you also have the option of installing OpenBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, do the following: Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the "base30" set somewhere in your file system. It is recommended that you upgrade the other sets, as well. Preparing your System for OpenBSD Installation: ----------------------------------------------- Most hp300 machines don't generally need any specific preparation. On series 400, you will wish to configure the prom as ``HP-UX compatible'' before installing OpenBSD. To do so, at the prom prompt, enter ``CF'', then ``2'' (Boot Mode Selection), then ``2'' (HP-UX Compatible). Choose to make this setting Permanent with ``P'', then validate your changes with ``E''. Your machine will restart in HP-UX mode. If you plan to use a serial console, you might have to flip a switch on series 300, or configure the RS-232 interface as ``remote'' from the Configuration menu, on series 400. Please refer to the OpenBSD/hp300 FAQ at http://www.openbsd.org/hp300/hp300faq.html for more information about this process. Installing the OpenBSD System: ------------------------------ Installing OpenBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the information which is presented to you by the install program, it shouldn't be too much trouble. Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e. the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the number of cylinders on the disk. The OpenBSD kernel will try to discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints. (You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the kernel can't figure out its geometry.) The file `HP-IB.geometry' has geometry information for several HP-IB disks, but may be incomplete. Geometry may be calculated from an HP-UX `/etc/disktab' entry, but note that HP-UX geometry is based on 1024 byte sectors, while OpenBSD's is based on 512 byte sectors. The ramdisk kernel may be loaded from the network, from CD-ROM, or other SCSI devices (such as Zip(tm) disk). Note that loading from HPIB or SCSI cartridge tape is possible, but not currently supported. Booting from CD-ROM installation media: You can burn a bootable CD-ROM and boot from it. To boot from SCSI CD-ROM, simply insert the CD into the drive before power up, then during the computer's self-test cycle, press the space bar. Shortly, you should see a menu of possible boot options appear. Select the option corresponding to SYS_CDBOOT. SYS_CDBOOT will then load and begin loading bsd.rd from the CD; depending on your ROM revision and hardware configuration, you may or may not see any messages on the console while this happens. Please note that booting from CD-ROM may not be supported by all models of hp300. You will also need a CD-ROM drive which uses 512 byte blocks; anything which shipped with an hp300 or is known to boot a SPARC or black NeXTStation should work. Modern CD-ROM drives jumpered to use 512-byte blocks should work as well. Booting from Network: Note: Booting SYS_UBOOT via the network is only possible if your bootrom is `rev. c' or later. (This only applies to the 320/350 era machines.) If you wish to load the SYS_UBOOT program via the network, you need to either have another OpenBSD system on the network, or something else capable of running the rbootd(8) program. Source code may be found under usr.sbin/rbootd in the OpenBSD source tree, but requires the Berkeley Packet Filter (bpf) in order to function. It may be possible to use HP-UX, but is not recommended (or documented here). For more information on diskless booting under OpenBSD, see the diskless(8) manual page. First of all, configure your rbootd to handle boot requests from the client. NOTE: OpenBSD's `rbootd' is slightly different from HP-UX's. To configure OpenBSD's `rbootd', create a file called `/etc/rbootd.conf' and place in it an entry like the following: 08:00:09:04:AA:33 SYS_UBOOT # thunder-egg The first column is the ethernet address of the client's network interface. The second column is the program to send to the client, and anything after the `#' is a comment. Once you have rbootd running, copy the SYS_UBOOT program to the /usr/mdec/rbootd directory on your server. If this directory doesn't exist already, you will need to create it. Next, add the client to /etc/ethers on your server. For example: 08:00:09:04:AA:33 thunder-egg Then start `rarpd' on your server; `rarpd -a' should do the trick. Finally, you need to add an entry in /etc/bootparams. For example: thunder-egg root=myserver:/export/hp300 Where myserver is the name of your server machine and `/export/hp300' is the directory that holds the ramdisk kernel image (`bsd.rd'). Now run `rpc.bootparamd' and make sure that this directory is NFS exported to the client. See the manual pages on your server system if you need more information about exporting filesystems. If you run into problems you may wish to run `rpc.bootparamd' with the `-d' flag on your server to get extra debugging information. You are now ready to load SYS_UBOOT. During the client's self-test cycle, press the space bar. Shortly, you should see a menu of possible boot options appear. Select the option corresponding to SYS_UBOOT. SYS_UBOOT will then load and prompt you for a kernel name. NFS file names should not have a leading '/' prepended to them, simply use `bsd.rd'. Installing using the CD-ROM or netboot procedure: You should now be ready to install OpenBSD. The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting OpenBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch. Using Control-Z to suspend the process may be a better option, or at any prompt enter '!' to get a shell, from which 'exit' will return you back to that prompt (no refresh of the prompt though). Boot your machine from the installation media as described above. When presented with the boot prompt, enter the path of your kernel (which is likely to be `bsd.rd'). It will take a while to load the kernel especially from a slow speed cdrom or slow network connection, most likely more than a minute. If some action doesn't eventually happen, or the spinning cursor has stopped and nothing further has happened, either your boot media is bad, your diskless setup is incorrect, or you may have a hardware or configuration problem. Remember that if your machine is a 425e, you must use a serial console, even if you can initiate the boot process from the graphics console. Once the kernel has loaded, you will be presented with the OpenBSD kernel boot messages. You will want to read them to determine your disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like "sd0" or "wd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your disk's geometry when creating OpenBSD partitions. You will also need to know the device name to tell the install tools what disk to install on. If you cannot read the messages as they scroll by, do not worry -- you can get at this information later inside the install program. You will next be asked for your terminal type. There are only a few specific terminal types supported. If you are using a graphics display, just hit return to select the default (hp300h). If you are using an ASCII terminal, it should either be an HP or vt100 compatible terminal; nothing else is supported. (If your terminal type is xterm, just use vt100). After entering the terminal type you will be asked whether you wish to do an "(I)nstall" or an "(U)pgrade". Enter 'I' for a fresh install or 'U' to upgrade an existing installation. You will be presented with a welcome message and asked if you really wish to install (or upgrade). Assuming you answered yes, the install program will then tell you which disks of that type it can install on, and ask you which it should use. The name of the disk is typically "hd0" for HPIB/CS80 drives or "sd0" for SCSI drives. Reply with the name of your disk. Next the disk label which defines the layout of the OpenBSD file systems must be set up. The installation script will invoke an interactive editor allowing you to do this. Note that partition 'c' inside this disk label should ALWAYS reflect the entire disk, including any non-OpenBSD portions. The root file system should be in partition 'a', and swap is usually in partition 'b'. It is recommended that you create separate partitions for /usr and /var, and if you have room for it, one for /home. For help in the disk label editor, enter '?' or 'M' to view the manual page (see the info on the ``-E'' flag). Since the target disk will become the boot disk for your new OpenBSD/hp300 installation, the disklabel program will restrict the available disk area to keep the first cylinder, which will contain the bootblock, safe from being overwritten. If you don't plan to install a bootblock on this disk, you can reclaim this space with the 'b' command. The swap partition (usually 'b') should have a type of "swap", all other native OpenBSD partitions should have a type of "4.2BSD". Block and fragment sizes are usually 8192 and 1024 bytes, but can also be 4096 and 512 or even 16384 and 2048 bytes. The install program will now label your disk and ask which file systems should be created on which partitions. It will auto- matically select the 'a' partition to be the root file system. Next it will ask for which disk and partition you want a file system created on. This will be the same as the disk name (e.g. "hd0") with the letter identifying the partition (e.g. "d") appended (e.g. "hd0d"). Then it will ask where this partition is to be mounted, e.g. /usr. This process will be repeated until you enter "done". At this point you will be asked to confirm that the file system information you have entered is correct, and given an opportunity to change the file system table. Next it will create the new file systems as specified, OVERWRITING ANY EXISTING DATA. This is the point of no return. After all your file systems have been created, the install program will give you an opportunity to configure the network. The network configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to do the install from another system using NFS, HTTP or FTP, and will also be the configuration used by the system after the installation is complete. If you select to configure the network, the install program will ask you for a name of your system and the DNS domain name to use. Note that the host name should be without the domain part, and that the domain name should NOT include the host name part. Next the system will give you a list of network interfaces you can configure. For each network interface you select to configure, it will ask for the IP address to use, the symbolic host name to use, the netmask to use and any interface-specific flags to set. No interface-specific flags should be required. After all network interfaces has been configured the install pro- gram will ask for a default route and IP address of the primary name server to use. You will also be presented with an opportunity to edit the host table. At this point you will be allowed to edit the file system table that will be used for the remainder of the installation and that will be used by the finished system, following which the new file systems will be mounted to complete the installation. After these preparatory steps have been completed, you will be able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There are several install methods supported; FTP, HTTP, tape, CD-ROM, NFS or a local disk partition. To install via FTP: To begin an FTP install you will need the following pieces of information. Don't be daunted by this list; the defaults are sufficient for most people. 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based ftp proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to define a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing ftp (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) Do you need to use active mode ftp? By default, ftp will attempt to use passive mode and fall back to an active connection if the server does not support passive mode. You only need to enable this option if you are connecting to a buggy ftp daemon that implements passive ftp incorrectly. Note that you will not be asked about active ftp if you are using a proxy. 3) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an ftp server carrying the OpenBSD 3.0 distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 4) The ftp directory holding the distribution sets. The default value of pub/OpenBSD/3.0/hp300 is almost always correct. 5) The login and password for the ftp account. You will only be asked for a password for non-anonymous ftp. For instructions on how to complete the installation via ftp, see the section named "Common URL installations" below. To install via HTTP: To begin an HTTP install you will need the following pieces of information: 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based http proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to define a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing http connections (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an http server carrying the OpenBSD 3.0 distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 3) The directory holding the distribution sets. There is no standard location for this; You should use the directory specified along with the server in the list of official http mirror sites that you received in step 3. For instructions on how to complete the installation via http, see the section named "Common URL installations" below. To install from tape: In order to install from tape, the distribution sets to be installed must have been written to tape previously, either in tar format or gzip-compressed tar format. You will also have to identify the tape device where the distribution sets are to be extracted from. This will typically be "nrst0" (no-rewind, raw interface). Next you will have to provide the file number of the set that is to be extracted. Note that the file number starts at 1, which is the first file written to the tape. The install program will not automatically detect whether an image has been compressed, so it will ask for that information before starting the extraction. To install from CD-ROM: When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked which device holds the distribution sets. This will typically be "cd0". Next you will be asked which partition on the CD-ROM the distribution is to be loaded from. This is normally partition "a". Next you will have to identify the file system type that has been used to create the distribution on the CD-ROM, this can be either FFS or ISO CD9660. The OpenBSD CD distribution uses the CD9660 format. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the CD which holds the distribution, for the hp300 this is "3.0/hp300". For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below. To install from a NFS mounted directory: When installing from a NFS-mounted directory, you must have completed network configuration above, and also set up the exported file system on the NFS server in advance. First you must identify the IP address of the NFS server to load the distribution from, and the file system the server expects you to mount. The install program will also ask whether or not TCP should be used for transport (the default is UDP). Note that TCP only works with newer NFS servers. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below. To install from a local disk partition: When installing from a local disk partition, you will first have to identify which disk holds the distribution sets. This is normally "hdN" or "sdN" where N is a number 0 through 9. Next you will have to identify the partition within that disk that holds the distribution, this is a single letter between 'a' and 'p'. You will also have to identify the type of file system residing in the partition identified. Currently, you can only install from partitions that has been formatted as the Berkeley fast file system (ffs). You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the a local disk partition, see the next section. Common file system installations: The following instructions are common to installations from local disk partitions, NFS mounted directories and CD-ROMs. A list of available distribution sets will be listed. You may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, e.g. `*.tgz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to extract file sets. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to extract. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. Common URL installations: Once you have entered the required information, the install program will fetch a file list and present a list of all the distribution sets that were found in the specified directory. (If no valid sets were found, you will be notified and given the option of unpacking any gzipped tar files found or getting a file list if none were found.) At this point you may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, e.g. `*.tgz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to download and install the files. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to download and unpack. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. When all the selected distribution sets has been extracted, you will be allowed to select which time zone your system will be using, all the device nodes needed by the installed system will be created for you and the file systems will be unmounted. For this to work properly, it is expected that you have installed at least the "base30", "etc30", and "bsd" distribution sets. Congratulations, you have successfully installed OpenBSD 3.0. When you reboot into OpenBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt. You should create yourself an account and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. You should have got a mail from the install program we recommend you to read, it contains answers to basic questions you might have about OpenBSD (like setting up your system, installing packages, getting more information about OpenBSD, sending in your dmesg output and more). This you can do by running mail and then just enter "1" to get the first message. You quit mail by entering "q". Some of the files in the OpenBSD 3.0 distribution might need to be tailored for your site. We recommend you run: man afterboot which will tell you about a bunch of the files needing to be reviewed. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that discusses it. Upgrading a previously-installed OpenBSD System: ------------------------------------------------ To upgrade OpenBSD 3.0 from a previous version, start with the general instructions in the section "Installing OpenBSD". Boot from the miniroot. When prompted, select the (U)pgrade option rather than the (I)nstall option at the prompt in the install process. The upgrade script will ask you for the existing root partition, and will use the existing filesystems defined in /etc/fstab to install the new system in. It will also use your existing network parameters. From then, the upgrade procedure is very close to the installation procedure described earlier in this document. Note that the upgrade procedure will not let you pick the ``etc30.tgz'' set, so as to preserve your files in `/etc' which you are likely to have customized since a previous installation. However, it is strongly advised that you unpack the etc30.tgz set in a temporary directory and merge changes by hand, since all components of your system may not function correctly until your files in `/etc' are updated. Getting source code for your OpenBSD System: -------------------------------------------- Now that your OpenBSD system is up and running, you probably want to get access to source code so that you can recompile pieces of the system. A few methods are provided. If you have an OpenBSD CD, the source code is provided. Otherwise, you can get the pieces over the Internet using ANONCVS, CTM or FTP. For more information, see http://www.openbsd.org/anoncvs.html http://www.openbsd.org/ctm.html http://www.openbsd.org/ftp.html Using online OpenBSD documentation: ----------------------------------- Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the UN*X "man pages" (documentation) are denoted by 'name(section)'. Some examples of this are intro(1), man(1), apropos(1), passwd(1), and passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The 'man' command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering 'man [section] topic'. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the least-numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter man passwd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter man 5 passwd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter apropos subject-word where "subject-word" is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. Adding third party software; ``packages'' and ``ports'': ------------------------------------------------------- As complete as your OpenBSD system is, you may want to add any of several excellent third party software applications. There are several ways to do this. You can: 1) Obtain the source code and build the application based upon whatever installation procedures are provided with the application. 2) Use the OpenBSD ``ports'' collection to automatically get any needed source file, apply any required patches, create the application, and install it for you. 3) Use the OpenBSD ``package'' collection to grab a pre-compiled and tested version of the application for your hardware. If you purchased the OpenBSD CD-ROM set you already have several popular ``packages'', and the ``ports'' collection. Instructions for installing applications from the various sources using the different installation methods follow. If emacs is to be installed it should be installed first as it creates the ``info'' directory file that may be modified by other applications. You should also refer to the packages(7) manual page. Installing applications from the CD-ROM package collection: The OpenBSD CD-ROM ships with several applications pre-built for various hardware architectures. The number of applications vary according to available disk space. Check the directory 3.0/packages/m68k to see which packages are available for your hardware architecture. That directory will be on the same CD-ROM containing the OS installation files for your architecture. To install one or more of these packages you must: 1) become the superuser (root). 2) mount the appropriate CD-ROM. 3) use the ``pkg_add'' command to install the software. Example (in which we use su(1) to get superuser privileges, thus you have to be in group "wheel", see the manual page for su(1)). $ su Password: # mkdir -p /cdrom # mount /dev/cd0a /cdrom # pkg_add /cdrom/OSREV/packages/MACHINE_ARCH/ # # umount /cdrom Package names are usually the application name and version with .tgz appended, e.g. emacs-20.7.tgz Installing applications from the ftp.openbsd.org package collection: All available packages for your architecture have been placed on ftp.openbsd.org in the directory pub/OpenBSD/3.0/packages/m68k/ You may want to peruse this to see what packages are available. The packages are also on the OpenBSD FTP mirror sites. See http://www.openbsd.org/ftp.html for a list of current ftp mirror sites. Installation of a package is very easy. 1) become the superuser (root) 2) use the ``pkg_add'' command to install the software ``pkg_add'' is smart enough to know how to download the software from the OpenBSD ftp server. Example: $ su Password: # pkg_add \ ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.0/packages/m68k/emacs-20.7.tgz Packages available include (at least): 9menu-1.5.tgz 9wm-1.2pre.tgz ADMfzap-0.1.tgz ADMsmb-0.2.tgz Business-CreditCard-0.21.tgz GConf-1.0.1.tgz ImageMagick-5.2.9.tgz ORBit-0.5.8.tgz R-1.2.2.tgz STk-3.1.1.tgz TclXML-1.2.1.tgz Tktable-2.7.tgz Wnn-data-4.2.tgz Wnn-xwnmo-4.2.tgz XPostitPlus-2.3.tgz Xaw3d-1.5.tgz a2ps-4.13b-a4.tgz a2ps-4.13b-letter.tgz aalib-1.2-no_x11.tgz aalib-1.2.tgz abook-0.4.13.tgz abs-0.8.tgz abuse-2.0.tgz ac3dec-0.6.1.tgz adcomplain-3.52.tgz aescrypt-0.7.tgz aewm-1.1.2.tgz afm-1.0.tgz afterstep-1.8.9.tgz aggregate-1.3.tgz agrep-2.04.tgz aide-0.7.tgz amanda-2.4.2.2.tgz amanda-client-2.4.2.2.tgz amaya-5.1-motif.tgz amaya-english-dict-19961207.tgz amaya-french-dict-19961217.tgz amph-0.8.9.tgz an-0.93.tgz analog-5.03.tgz angband-2.9.3-no_x11.tgz angband-2.9.3.tgz angst-0.4b.tgz antiword-0.31.tgz apc-upsd-19991128.tgz apg-1.2.13.tgz arc-5.21e.tgz archie-1.4.1.tgz 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zip-2.3.tgz zoo-2.10.1.tgz zope-2.4.1.1.tgz zsh-4.0.2-static.tgz zsh-4.0.2.tgz zsh-zftp-4.0.2.tgz Note: these packages may not exist for all architectures; other packages may be added. Some packages are only available via ftp. Installing applications from the CD-ROM ports collection: The CD-ROM ``ports'' collection is a set of Makefiles, patches, and other files used to control the building and installation of an application from source files. Creating an application from sources can require a lot of disk space, sometimes 50 megabytes or more. The first step is to determine which of your disks has enough room. Once you've made this determination read the file PORTS located on the CD-ROM which contains the ports tree. To build an application you must: 1) become the superuser (root) 2) have network access, or obtain the actual source files by some other means. 3) cd to the ports directory containing the port you wish to build. To build samba, for example, where you'd previously copied the ports files into the /usr/ports directory: cd /usr/ports/net/samba 4) make 5) make install 6) make clean Installing applications from the OpenBSD ports collection: See http://www.openbsd.org/ports.html for current instructions on obtaining and installing OpenBSD ports. You should also refer to the ports(7) manual page. Installing other applications: If an OpenBSD package or port does not exist for an application you're pretty much on your own. The first thing to do is ask ports@openbsd.org if anyone is working on a port -- there may be one in progress. If no luck there you may try the FreeBSD ports or NetBSD package collection. If you are on an i386 based machine it is quite possible that the FreeBSD port, if one exists, will work for you. If you can't find an existing port try to make your own and feed it back to OpenBSD. That's how our ports collection grows. Some details can be found at http://www.openbsd.org/porting.html with more help coming from the mailing list, ports@openbsd.org. Administrivia: -------------- There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at . To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions. There are also two OpenBSD Usenet newsgroups, comp.unix.bsd.openbsd.announce for important announcements and comp.unix.bsd.openbsd.misc for general OpenBSD discussion. To report bugs, use the 'sendbug' command shipped with OpenBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: bugs@OpenBSD.ORG Use of 'sendbug' is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the OpenBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to the mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.